Umshini wokucija uyidivayisi esebenza kahle kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukunemba kwemigodi futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezezimoto, ezondiza, ezokwenziwa ngamanzi, kanye nokukhiqiza amathuluzi omshini. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko uwukuthola ukunemba okuphezulu,{2}}okuphezulu{2}}kwezimbobo zemishini{3}}ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi-kwekhanda eliphezulu elizungezayo elizungezayo kanye nodonga lwembobo yomsebenzi. Ukusebenza komshini wokucija akuxhomekile kuphela ekwakhiweni kwawo jikelele kodwa futhi nakwikhwalithi nokunemba okufanelekile kwezingxenye zawo ezibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngokubukezwa kwezingxenye eziyinhloko zomshini wokugaya kanye nemisebenzi yazo.
1. Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zesakhiwo
Isakhiwo esikhulu somshini wokucija siqukethe umbhede, ikholomu, kanye netafula lokusebenza, okwenza uhlaka lomshini oluqinile. Umbhede uvamise ukwakhiwa ngensimbi eyinsimbi noma ngensimbi eshiselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokunciphisa ukudlidliza. Ikholomu isekela ukunyakaza okuqondile kwekhanda elicijayo, kuyilapho ithebula lokusebenza lithwala ucezu lokusebenza futhi lifinyelela ukulawula okuphakelayo okunembile ngenjini ye-servo noma isistimu ye-hydraulic. Ukunemba kwemishini yalezi zingxenye kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuqina okuphelele nokuzinza komshini wokucija.
2. Ukuhlonipha Umhlangano Wenhloko
Ikhanda le-honing liyingxenye eyinhloko yomshini wokucija, obhekene nokusebenza ngokuqondile kodonga lwembobo yokusebenza. Ikakhulukazi iqukethe itshe lokucija, indlela yokwandisa nokufinyeza, i-spindle, nama-bearings. Itshe lokucija ngokuvamile lenziwa ngedayimane noma i-CBN (cubic boron nitride) elihuqayo futhi linamathele kusisekelo esinwebekayo noma esiqinile. Indlela yokunweba nokufinyeza ilungisa ububanzi bayo ukuze ikwazi ukufaka amadayamitha embobo ahlukahlukene. I-spindle ishayela ikhanda lokucija ngesivinini esikhulu, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ihlinzeka ngokunyakaza kwe-axial feed ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yokugaya efanayo. Ukunemba nokumelana nokugqoka kwekhanda lokucija kunquma ukubekezelelana kobukhulu kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo yomgodi owenziwe ngomshini.
3. Uhlelo lokuphakelayo
Isistimu yokuphakelayo ilawula ukunyakaza kwe-radial ne-axial kwekhanda lokucija, iqinisekisa ukunemba phakathi nenqubo yomshini. I-radial feed ifinyelelwa ngohlelo lokunwetshwa kwe-hydraulic noma lwemishini kanye nokuncipha, okulawula ingcindezi yokuxhumana phakathi kwetshe lokucija nomsebenzi. Isiphakeli se-axial sishayelwa yi-servo motor noma isikulufu sebhola, esilawula ukunyakaza okuqondile kwekhanda lokucija. Isistimu yokuphakelayo enembayo ephezulu{3}iqinisekisa ukuqondisa kwembobo, i-cylindricity, kanye nokuvumelana kobukhulu.
4. I-Drive and Control System
Isistimu yokushayela yomshini wokucisha ifaka phakathi i-spindle motor kanye ne-feed motor, ngokuvamile isebenzisa isilawuli sefrikhwensi esiguquguqukayo noma amadrayivu e-servo ukulungisa kahle isivinini kanye nezinga lokuphakela. Isistimu yokulawula, ephethwe i-PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) noma isistimu ye-CNC (Computer Numerical Control), iqondisa ukunyakaza kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwenziwa okunembile kwemingcele yomshini (njengejubane, izinga lokuphakelayo, nesikhathi sokucija). Imishini yokucija yesimanje nayo ifakwe izinzwa kanye nesistimu yempendulo yokuqapha kwangempela{2}}isikhathi kwesimo somshini kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo.
5. Izingxenye Ezisizayo
Imishini yokucija iphinde ihlanganise nezingxenye ezisizayo ezifana nezinhlelo zokupholisa nezokugcoba, amasistimu okuhlunga, nezinto ezilungiswayo. I-Coolant inciphisa izinga lokushisa lomshini futhi isusa ama-chips, kuyilapho amasistimu okuhlunga agcina ukuhlanzeka kokupholisa futhi andisa impilo yetshe lokucija. Ukulungiswa kuvikela i-workpiece futhi kuqinisekise ukunemba kokuma ngesikhathi somshini. Umsebenzi odidiyelwe walezi zingxenye uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka komshini wokucija.
Isiphetho
Ukusebenza komshini wokucija kuncike ekuxhumaneni okunembile kwezingxenye zawo ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela esakhiweni esiyinhloko kuya ekhanda lokucija, ukuya ohlelweni lokushayela nokulawula, ingxenye ngayinye ibalulekile. Ukuqonda imisebenzi nezici zalezi zingxenye kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa komshini wokucija, ukuthuthukiswa, nokuxazulula izinkinga, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomshini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, izingxenye zomshini wokucija zithuthukela ekunembeni okuphezulu, impilo ende, nezici ezihlakaniphile.
